The campaign’s official name is in Hindi. In English, it translates to “Clean India Mission”. The campaign was officially launched on 2 October 2014 at Rajghat, New Delhi by PM Narendra Modi.
Swachh Bharat Mission, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, or Clean India Mission is a country-wide campaign initiated by the Government of India in 2nd October, 2014 to eliminate open defecation and improve solid waste management and to create Open Defecation Free (ODF) villages. The program also aims to increase awareness of menstrual health management.
It is a restructured version of the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan launched in 2009 that failed to achieve its intended targets
Phase of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan:
Phase 1 of the Swachh Bharat Mission lasted till 2nd October 2019.
Phase 2 is being implemented between 2020–21 and 2024–25 to help cement the work of Phase 1.
The 2nd phase of the mission aims to sustain the open defecation free status and improve the management of solid and liquid waste, while also working to improve the lives of sanitation workers
Budget of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan:
Vertical bar chart SBM budget (2014-2022) of Swachh Bharat Mission between 14-15 and 21-22
India’s cleanest cities ranking 2022:
1. Indore ,Madhya Pradesh
2. Surat, Gujarat
3. Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra
4. Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
5. Vijaywada, Andhra Pradesh
6. Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
7. Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh
8. Mysore, Karnataka
9. New Delhi, Delhi
10. Ambikapur, Chattisgarh
Swachh Survekshan Ranking List 2021 :
1. Indore
2. Surat
3. Vijayawada
4. Navi Mumbai
5. Pune
6. Raipur
7. Bhopal
8. Vadodara
9. GVMC Visakhapatnam
10. Ahmedabad
11. Rajkot
12. Lucknow
13. Greater Hyderabad
14. Thane
Honour:
Cleanest Cities of India Honoured by President at Swachh Amrit Mahotsav
Indore wins the title of ‘Cleanest City’ for fifth consecutive time under Swachh Survekshan
Nine 5-Star Cities, 143 Cities 3-Star Garbage Free Cities
Indore, Navi Mumbai and Nellore emerge as Top Performers in Safai Mitra Suraksha Challenge
Mission Progress Sanitation:
Urban areas of 35 states and UTs have become ODF. Only 32 ULBs from West Bengal are remaining to be ODF.
A total of 4,340 cities (out of 4,372) have declared themselves ODF (99% progress), of which 4,258 cities/ ULBs have been certified as Open Defecation Free (ODF) after third party certification by 31.12.20. From January to March, 2021, 4270 ULBs are estimated to be certified as ODF.
66.72 lakh units of Individual Household Toilets (IHHL) have been constructed and/or under construction (i.e. 113% progress against target of 58.99 lakhs) by 31.12.2020. Further, 3 lakh IHHL Units are estimated to be constructed from January to March, 2021.
6.28 lakh seats of Community and Public Toilet seats (CT/PT) have been constructed and / or under construction (i.e. 124% progress against target of 5.07 lakhs) by 31.12.2020. Further, 25000 CT/PT Seats are estimated to be constructed from January to March, 2021.
•ODF (Open Defecation Free)
Impact of Swachh Bharat:
As per data from Global Health Observatory, child diarrhoea deaths in India decreased from 1,21,889 in 2014 to 1,17,285 in 2015 to 1,02,813 in 2016. In the two years since Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was launched, the percentage of under-five children dying from diarrhoea came down from 13% to 9%.
According to the dashboards maintained by respective ministries, more than 100 million individual household level toilets have been constructed in rural areas, and 6 million household toilets in urban areas. In addition, nearly 6 million community and public toilets have also been constructed in the urban areas. Consequently, 4,234 cities and more than 600,000 villages across the country have declared themselves open defecation free (ODF).
A study by Ashoka University concluded that the construction of toilets under the program led to a reduction in incidents of sexual assault against women.
Although the SBM itself describes its goal in patriarchal terms, as ‘preserving the dignity of women’, scholars note the incidental benefit of reducing violence against women: between 2014-2016, studies estimate sexual assault against women fell by 25 incident per million because of access to toilets.
Objectives of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan:
Construction of individual, cluster and community toilets.
To eliminate or reduce open defecation. Open defecation is one of the main causes of deaths of thousands of children each year.
Not only latrine construction, the Swachh Bharat Mission will also make an initiative of establishing an accountable mechanism of monitoring latrine use.
Public awareness will also be provided about the drawbacks of open defecation and promotion of latrine use.
Proper, dedicated ground staff will be recruited to bring about behavioural change and promotion of latrine use.
For proper sanitation use, the mission will aim at changing people’s attitudes, mindsets and behaviours.
Villages to be kept clean with Solid and Liquid Waste Management.
Solid and liquid waste management through gram panchayats.
To lay water pipelines in all villages, ensuring water supply to all households by 2019.
To make India Open Defecation Free (ODF) India by 2019, by providing access to toilet facilities to all.
To provide toilets, separately for Boys and Girls in all schools by 15.8.2015.
To provide toilets to all Anganwadis.
IHHLs Constructed:
Andaman & Nicobar Islands 22,378
Andhra Pradesh 42,71,773
Arunachal Pradesh 1,44,608
Assam 40,05,740
Bihar 1,21,26,567
Chhattisgarh 33,78,655
Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu 21,906
Goa 28,637
Gujarat 41,89,006
Haryana 6,89,186
Himachal Pradesh 1,91,546
Jammu & Kashmir 12,61,757
Jharkhand 41,29,545
Karnataka 46,31,316
Kerala 2,39,360
Ladakh 17,241
Madhya Pradesh 71,93,976
Maharashtra 67,93,541
Manipur 2,68,348
Meghalaya 2,64,828
Mizoram 44,141
Nagaland 1,41,246
Odisha 70,79,564
Puducherry 29,628
Punjab 5,11,223
Rajasthan 81,20,658
Sikkim 11,209
Tamil Nadu 55,11,791
Telangana 31,01,859
Tripura 4,40,514
Uttar Pradesh 2,22,10,649
Uttarakhand 5,24,076
West Bengal 74,49,451
Total 10,90,45,923
Movie Based on Swachh Bharat:
In August 2023 a movie Titled ‘Panch Kriti’ – Five Elements based on Swachh Bharat Mission was released in India which featured five stories and is set in Chanderi in Bundelkhand, Madhya Pradesh, has been largely shot in real locations. It was a women-centric film that touches upon several important themes and topics pertaining to women. It also delves into the importance of social movements taking place in India like ‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan’ and ‘Beti Bachao Beti Padhaao Abhiyaan’.
Trailer:
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